How to Write Effective Bug Reports?

The Purpose Of A Bug Report:
When we uncover a defect, we need to inform the developers about it. Bug report is a medium of such communication. The primary aim of a bug report is to let the developers see the failure with their own eyes.
If you can't be with them to make it fail in front of them, give them detailed instructions so that they can make it fail for themselves.
The bug report is a document that explains the gap between the expected result and the actual result and detailing on how to reproduce the scenario.

After Finding The Defect
* Draft the bug report just when you are sure that you have found a bug, not after the end of test or end of day. It might be possible that you might miss out on some point. Worse, you might miss the bug itself.
* Invest some time to diagnose the defect you are reporting. Think of the possible causes. You might land up uncovering some more defects. Mention your discoveries in your bug report. The programmers will only be happy seeing that you have made their job easier.
* Take some time off before reading your bug report. You might feel like re-writing it.

Defect Summary : The summary of the bug report is the reader’s first interaction with your bug report. The fate of your bug heavily depends on the attraction grabbed by the summary of your bug report. The rule is that every bug should have a one-liner summary. It might sound like writing a good attention-grabbing advertisement campaign. But then, there are no exceptions.
A good summary will not be more than 50-60 characters. Also, a good summary should not carry any subjective representations of the defect.

The Language
* Do not exaggerate the defect through the bug report. Similarly, do not undertone it.
* However nasty the bug might be, do not forget that it’s the bug that’s nasty, not the programmer.
* Keep It Simple & Straight. You are not writing an essay or an article, so use simple language.
* Keep your target audience in mind while writing the bug report. They might be the developers, fellow testers, managers, or in some cases, even the customers. The bug reports should be understandable by all of them. Steps